The researchers reviewed 42 papers focused on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs), medications originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. While the research is still emerging, the findings suggest potential future applications in SUD treatment.

Neurobiological, Clinical, and Behavioral Outcomes

While combing through each of the papers, researchers were looking for specific outcomes that could be relevant to SUD recovery.

Noteworthy neurobiological outcomes included shifts in dopaminergic signaling—key to reward-motivated behavior and habit formation—as well as activation of reward centers in the brain.

Behavioral outcomes included measures such as drug-seeking behavior, substance use frequency, and relapse.

Researchers also noted clinical outcomes such as changes in craving intensity and shifts in weight, which could be useful for detox treatment. They also considered participants’ tolerability of treatment measures and how long participants abstained from substance use, factors which play a big role in long-term sobriety. 

Effects of GLP-1 RAs on Addiction

Each study looked at the effects of GLP-1 RAs on a specific type of SUD. For alcohol use disorder, one study found that participants consumed less alcohol overall. In another study, this reduction was isolated to participants with a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m². 

Researchers also found reduced levels of cocaine-seeking behavior, reduced opioid use for heavy users, and a reduction in daily tobacco use. 

What This Could Mean for Addiction Treatment

More research into the mechanisms of GLP-1 RAs could lead to breakthroughs in addiction treatment for multiple types of substances like opiates. 

For many years, there’s been a lack of knowledge surrounding the relationship between neuropsychiatry and metabolism when it comes to SUD treatment. This research is starting to bridge that gap, showing great promise for the future of SUD treatment.

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